Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA is a circular DNA molecule found outside of the cell nucleus. In genetic diversity studies of cattle, the mitochondrial D-loop fragment has typically been sequenced and based on the nucleotide differences found in sequencing. D-loop sequences can be classified into six taurine cattle haplogroups. The defining nucleotide differences between e.g. the haplogroups T and T1 are found at the nucleotide sites 16050 and 16113 in the entire mitochondrial DNA molecule.
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