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Old Norwegian sheep belong to the group "Northern European short-tailed sheep", which is considered the origin of today's short-tailed sheep in various forms from Russia, Scotland, Finland, Sweden, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland.

The Old Norwegian sheep is a descendant of the first sheep that came to Norway 4000–5000 years ago, and is considered the most original type of sheep in the country.

Old Norwegian sheep have great historical value and are grazing animals that play an important role in preserving the cultural landscape, for example, by preserving coastal areas. The breed has great genetic diversity and many unique characteristics related to being self-sufficient. Some examples are lambing ease, strong herd instincts, natural shedding of wool, good maternal instinct, and high resistance to disease.

Old Norwegian sheep

Native name: Gammelnorsk sau.
Weight: 40-60 kg (rams) and on average 36 kg (ewes).
Appearance: A small sheep with horns. It has a short, pigmented, fine-fibered undercoat with some coarser hairs, and a somewhat longer coarser topcoat (guard hairs).
Type: Short-tailed, double-coated.
Number of breeding females (2024): 14,076.

Not at Risk – Vulnerable – Endangered – Critically Endangered – Extinct

A sheep with horns in mountain landscape.
Old Norwegian sheep, also known as Old Norse sheep. Photo: Ken Rune Birkeland.